In materials science, a refractory is a material that is resistant to decomposition by heat or chemical attack and that retains its strength and rigidity at high temperatures. They are inorganic, non-metallic compounds that may be porous or non-porous, and their crystallinity varies widely: they may be crystalline, polycrystalline, amorphous, or composite. They are typically composed of oxides, carbides or nitrides of the following elements: silicon, aluminium, magnesium, calcium, boron, chromium and zirconium. Many refractories are ceramics, but some such as graphite are not, and some ceramics such as clay pottery are not considered refractory. Refractories are distinguished from the refractory metals, which are elemental metals and their alloys that have high melting temperatures.
"}{"slip": { "id": 208, "advice": "Play is the true mother of invention."}}
{"type":"standard","title":"Wibool Piyawattanametha","displaytitle":"Wibool Piyawattanametha","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q65736109","titles":{"canonical":"Wibool_Piyawattanametha","normalized":"Wibool Piyawattanametha","display":"Wibool Piyawattanametha"},"pageid":73942259,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/WiboolPiyawattanametha.jpg/330px-WiboolPiyawattanametha.jpg","width":320,"height":227},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7e/WiboolPiyawattanametha.jpg","width":1154,"height":819},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1259549862","tid":"1c34a576-ab66-11ef-be6c-543d49367ce0","timestamp":"2024-11-25T19:47:32Z","description":"Professor","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wibool_Piyawattanametha","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wibool_Piyawattanametha?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wibool_Piyawattanametha?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Wibool_Piyawattanametha"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wibool_Piyawattanametha","revisions":"https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Wibool_Piyawattanametha","edit":"https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wibool_Piyawattanametha?action=edit","talk":"https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Wibool_Piyawattanametha"}},"extract":"Wibool Piyawattanametha is the head of Advanced Imaging Research (AIR) Center, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Thailand.","extract_html":"
Wibool Piyawattanametha is the head of Advanced Imaging Research (AIR) Center, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Thailand.
"}{"fact":"The silks created by weavers in Baghdad were inspired by the beautiful and varied colors and markings of cat coats. These fabrics were called 'tabby' by European traders.","length":174}
{"slip": { "id": 96, "advice": "Don't give to others advice which you wouldn't follow."}}
{"type":"standard","title":"Gilberto Parlotti","displaytitle":"Gilberto Parlotti","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q3764244","titles":{"canonical":"Gilberto_Parlotti","normalized":"Gilberto Parlotti","display":"Gilberto Parlotti"},"pageid":10346040,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/ba/Gilberto_Parlotti.JPG","width":236,"height":348},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/ba/Gilberto_Parlotti.JPG","width":236,"height":348},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1242077124","tid":"5b4f1905-6262-11ef-9aa0-c95abe285a75","timestamp":"2024-08-24T21:46:45Z","description":"Italian motorcycle racer","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gilberto_Parlotti","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gilberto_Parlotti?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gilberto_Parlotti?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Gilberto_Parlotti"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gilberto_Parlotti","revisions":"https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Gilberto_Parlotti","edit":"https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gilberto_Parlotti?action=edit","talk":"https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Gilberto_Parlotti"}},"extract":"Gilberto Parlotti was an Italian professional motorcycle racer competing in the FIM World Championship between 1969 and 1972. He competed for the Benelli, Derbi, Morbidelli and Tomos factories.","extract_html":"
Gilberto Parlotti was an Italian professional motorcycle racer competing in the FIM World Championship between 1969 and 1972. He competed for the Benelli, Derbi, Morbidelli and Tomos factories.
"}{"type":"standard","title":"Polymixis flavicincta","displaytitle":"Polymixis flavicincta","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q3405407","titles":{"canonical":"Polymixis_flavicincta","normalized":"Polymixis flavicincta","display":"Polymixis flavicincta"},"pageid":18712657,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Polymixis_flavicincta.jpg/330px-Polymixis_flavicincta.jpg","width":320,"height":203},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f1/Polymixis_flavicincta.jpg","width":2207,"height":1398},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1193236873","tid":"67baf176-a9a7-11ee-bd79-d1944c94cf06","timestamp":"2024-01-02T19:44:56Z","description":"Species of moth","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polymixis_flavicincta","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polymixis_flavicincta?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polymixis_flavicincta?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Polymixis_flavicincta"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polymixis_flavicincta","revisions":"https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Polymixis_flavicincta","edit":"https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polymixis_flavicincta?action=edit","talk":"https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Polymixis_flavicincta"}},"extract":"The large ranunculus is a moth of the family Noctuidae. It is found in Europe and North Africa.","extract_html":"
The large ranunculus is a moth of the family Noctuidae. It is found in Europe and North Africa.
"}